Perfect competition Essay

Imposing business model is the last kind of market structure wherein a solitary vender commands exchange a decent or administration for which purchasers can locate no nearby substitutes. An imposing business model is distringuished from a monospony, in which there is just a single purchaser of an item or administration. It can likewise have a monopsony control of a part of a market. A wide range of Monopolies can be set up by an administration, structure by reconciliation. The manner in which Monopoly infer their market power is from a berrier to section. There are three significant tpes of obstructions to passage which are the monetary, legitimate, and intentional. Im going to disclose to you how every one functions and what it is useful more. To begin with, the monetary obstructions incorporate economies of scale, capital prerequisites, cost focal points, and the innovative predominance. Also, are the Legal hindrances. It can give chance to hoard the marker of a decent. In conclusion, is the Deliberate activities whivh an organization has been needing to consume a market may take part in different sorts of purposeful activity to reject competitos or dispose of rivalry. Market structures are significant in Monopoly. It gives he premise subjects, for example, mechanical association and financial matters of guideline. Conventional monetary examination, perect rivalry, monopolictic rivalry, oligololy, and restraining infrastructure are the four kinds of market structures. Imposing business model versus serious markets is a test. They are comparable because of the way that the two of them limit costs and amplify benefit. Managing eachothers domain can cost millions. Numerous administrations direct imposing business models on the grounds that a syndication advertise comes up short on the benefts of rivalry. The U. S. Governement appiles laws against restraining infrastructure conduct by Microsoft not permitting enormous organizations in certain ventures. The Government allows certain monoplies in return for managing their activites. An unadulterated restraining infrastructure has the equivalent definite financial retionailty of totally serious organizations. Complete income and absolute expense expands a monopol over a picked of the expense.

Illegality and Immorality in Contracts †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Illegality and Immorality in Contracts. Answer: Presentation: The essential necessity for an agreement to be substantial incorporates an offer, acknowledgment to the offer, thought, legitimate article and at least two gatherings. As indicated by the law, not all agreements are important to be recorded as a hard copy, with the exception of an agreement identifying with home loan, land and assurance. These days there has been an expansion in E-business contracts like agreements by means of online networking, messages or instant messages. On occasion, there are a few conventions to be kept up in the event of online business contracts like consideration of an advanced mark, and others (Gillies, 2016). The agreements made through E-sends will have a similar impact as a composed agreement. Segment 8 of the Electronic Transaction Act, 2002 states legitimacy of E-trade contracts (Electronic Transactions Act 2002 No 35 (as at 01 January 2016), Public Act Contents New Zealand Legislation, 2017). Segment 11 and Section 13A comes into question. In the given case Mary had proposed to purchase the tea set from Susan, thus there was a trade of email id between the two. Mary had reacted to the encouragement to offer and made a counter proposal to purchase the tea set at a lower value, which was dismissed. Both Susan and Mary had an aim to make lawful connection in return of a thought. The principle issue with understandings by means of email is that it is hard to establish that when the agreement is framed, when it has been perused by the beneficiary, the hour of sending the email and accepting. Thus, in the given case there were components of a substantial agreement. There was a miscommunication since Mary missed the email message sent by Susan on the day preceding Mary acknowledged the offer. The mail had just gone into Marys framework which was saved with the end goal of trade of electronic correspondences. For the most part, verbal agreements are legitimate with the exception of if there should be an occurrence of home loans, land and assurance. Verbal understandings and guarantees will have a similar impact as different agreements. The precept of estoppel focuses on sensibility of the guarantee made. The Contractual Remedies Act, 1979, bargains penetrate of agreement. The agreement law additionally manages rules of an agreement. The court may direct to pay, or order or explicit execution of the agreement if there should be an occurrence of penetrate. Segment 11(1) of C.R.Act, 1979 may come into activity (Rowan, 2012). In the given case, there has been an offer and acknowledgment between Zoincos Limited and Lagos Roofing. There was a presence of common thought between the gatherings. There was execution also. Zoincos had just made a section installment to Lagos. Because of the breaking down in the assembling procedure, the agreement couldn't be performed. A counter offer had been made yet there was no composed proof. Execution of the agreement has just been finished by Lagos Roofing (Eigen, 2012). There is a type of necessary protection, oversaw unintentionally Compensation Corporation. Subsequently, outsider protection isn't required. The obligatory protection covers all wounds or harm brought about via fender bender (Australia, 2012). The Consumer Guarantee Act 1993 secures the enthusiasm of the buyers. The National Consumer Credit Protection Act helps in giving adequate data to attention to the borrower. The credit laws of Australia further offers rights to borrowers confronting hardships, which permits the individual to apply to the vehicle advance division for monetary hardship. Extraordinary game plans like settlement will be made on being endorsed. The borrower can likewise apply to the External Dispute Resolution (EDR) if there should be an occurrence of contentions with the vehicle advance division. On the off chance that unsatisfied with the EDR, the borrower can likewise move to the court. In the given case, Jordan, being influenced by repetition, couldn't pay further. He had a reserve funds of $50,000 that was adequate for the store of a Ford Mustang, which was second hand. Jordan on being a minor, his agreement will be voidable at the tact of the court. As he was 17 years, he was near gotten a significant. Jordan will be at risk to the measure of his investment funds and on being a minor; the obligation will be conveyed forward to his watchman or underwriter all things considered. Jordan under Section 5(2) of The Minors Contract Act as the individual masterminding the funds didn't determine the idea of the assurance could look for a barrier. The law makes a minors contract voidable at the tact of the District Court. The underwriter on marking and consenting to the terms will be at risk to pay the obligation on the inadequacy of the borrower. Terms of the agreement will be pertinent. Tact will be at the District court to approve the agreement of a minor. In the given case, the period of Jordan was 17, and near larger part. As the agreement was marked by him, as per the terms, his dad went about as the underwriter. Henceforth, Jordon will be actually subject as well as his gatekeeper who has given the assurance. The degree will be chosen by the court. The arrangement identifying with the basic components of an agreement and competency to contract have been listed in The Contract and Commercial Law Act, 2017 (Contract and Commercial Law Act 2017 No 5 (as at 14 July 2017), Public Act Contents New Zealand Legislation, 2017). A portion of the fundamentals required for a legitimate agreement incorporate free assent of the gatherings. There must be some thought. There must be an offer and acknowledgment. The gatherings must have the aim to go into the agreement. The item hosts to be legitimate and each gathering must have the ability to contract. All people over the age of 18 are skillful to contract, if they are of sound brain (McKendrick, 2014). Now and again people underneath the age of 18 or a minors contract is likewise legitimate. An individual may not be of unsound psyche constantly, at that point, all things considered an agreement made while the individual is of sound brain will be considered as legitimate. Variables that can cause unsoundness of brain are lunacy, stupidity, being inebriated or tipsiness, and others. These variables can regularly make an agreement be void or voidable according to law. The important factor is free assent between the gatherings. The conditions set down for an agreement to be restricting are relevant in the given case. Joseph and George knew each other for a considerable length of time and managed everything well. Them two were able to contract, and had the aim to go into an agreement. There was an offer present in the given case just as an acknowledgment. Henceforth, both the gatherings knew about one another and there was free assent, notwithstanding Georges neglect, all the administrative work was finished. The arrangement of illicit agreements has been listed in Subpart 5 of The Contract and Commercial Law Act, 2017. Segment 71 of the Act gives the meaning of an illicit agreement, and it is liable to Section 72. Agreements, which are unlawful in nature, don't have any impact, as such, according to law. An agreement represented by New Zealand Law, which is illicit according to law or in value, regardless of whether from the commencement or while the agreement is being performed, can be named as unlawful agreement. Area 3 of The Illegal Contracts Act, 1970 gives the meaning of unlawful agreements. Despite any law of value or rule, the unlawful agreements shouldn't have any impact according to law. A case of an unlawful agreement can be an agreement to murder an individual (MacQueen, 2014). For the situation alluded, the notices made by Sleep Ahead Limited didn't coordinate totally with the realities, which Bobby discovered during his examination. Henceforth, the issue is whether Sleep Ahead Limited has stood the standards of The Fair Trading Act, 1986 or not, and whenever penetrated what might be the punishments forced by Law? The arrangements of unreasonable direct have been specified in Part 1 (Section 9 to Section 26A) of The Fair Trading Act, 1986. The exchanging conduct that has been restricted by law incorporates: arrangements of deceiving and misleading behaviors by and large, which is contained in Section 9 to Section 12 of the Act. Arrangements of unconfirmed cases contained in Section 12A to 12D of the Act. Arrangements of bogus portrayals contained in Section 13 to 16 of the Act. Arrangements of uncalled for rehearses contained in Section 17 to 26 of the Act, and Section 26A arrangements with arrangements identifying with unjustifiable agreement terms. Section 5 of the Act manages punishments or solutions for break of the reasonable exchanging standards. If there should arise an occurrence of an organization submitting penetrate corresponding to the said Act, the punishment can fine, orders limiting an unjustifiable direct, record of benefit, remuneration, and others (Graw, 2012). Section 1 of The Fair Trading Act, 1986 arrangements with different sorts of unjustifiable lead like beguiling and deluding conduct, bogus portrayals, uncalled for exchange rehearses like lure promoting, and others. As indicated by the law, no association will offer any bogus or deluding expressions or portrayals as to content, amount, value, quality, and so on (Poole, 2012). Bogus methods any portrayal, which is false and isn't predictable with realities. Deceiving implies any portrayal that would lead any sensible individual to misjudge. A portion of the fundamentals of uncalled for exchanging rehearses incorporates, puffing, embellishment, misleadingness and lie. The purpose of the promoter is unessential (Richards, 2013). In the given case, as indicated by the examination of Bobby, there was a presence of puffing or embellishment in the promotion made by Sleep Ahead Limited. Not just it was constrained to puffing, Bobby had additionally discovered that there was snare publicizing also (Velentzas, Broni, Pitoska, 2012). If there should arise an occurrence of an organization establishing break of the said Act, it can draw in a punishment of fine that may stretch out up to $600,000. The court may likewise arrange for a discount to the purchasers of merchandise or benefits, and may additionally arrange for fix. Decisively, by the examination of Bobby, Sleep Ahead Limited, draws in Part 1 o

CRACKED

CRACKED [by Sadie Scheffer 10] For the final art blog of the school year, Id like to tell you a little more about Cracked. Cracked is a student-run art group that focuses on providing an open forum for artists and thinkers alike. It is a conglomerate of undergraduates and graduate students from MIT and Wellesley, as well as faculty from the Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS, cavs.mit.edu) and local artists. The open forum we have created is part art-support group, part studio, part community, and part activist. We called our first meeting Bring it to the Table. We had been given a Directors Grant from the Council of the Arts, as well as space in CAVS to meet, and we arrived early in order to prepare the scene. The table, first of all, had to be made. We used a roll of painters tape to build a flat-three-dimensional table in the middle of the room (note the lower right-hand corner). About twenty-five Cracked members showed up to bring to the table both their ideas for what Cracked could be and their favorite food. We had a wonderful discussion and potluck dinner, and emerged with a semblance of a mission statement and a lot of excitement. Cracked was to become a space, a conversation, a collaborative performance group, a sponsor of small projects, and an open studio for all of its members. And it has become so. Since that meeting we have been given an actual office in CAVS where we host office hours (open studio time!) several times a week. We have been lucky enough to perform and collaborate with several of CAVSs visiting artists. The first collaboration was with visiting professor John Bell. He is one of the original bread-and-puppeteers (http://www.breadandpuppet.org). John Bell hosted the HONK! Fest in Cambridge, a parade to reclaim the streets for horns, bikes and feet. Cracked decided to promote clean streets and recycling by creating a giant dustpan float (out of bicycle boxes to keep the theme) and dress up as trash and street sweepers. Photos by Sam Kronick, Daniel Bickerstaff At the parade Cracked was sandwiched between a brass band from Italy dressed all in pink, and a brass band from New York City called Lesser Panda, with whom we would perform at CAVS later in the term, although we didnt know that yet. We swept the streets for two hours, dancing from Davis Square in Somerville to Harvard Square in Cambridge. As I mentioned in my last blog (Seamless), Cracked was asked to throw the CAVS Giant Art Party. As the second semester got underway, we got to work creating giant paintings in giant frames, buying giant food, baking a giant cake, and building a giant replica of Marcel Duchamps Fountain in which we served drinks. Photos by CAVS Lesser Panda and New York-based street performer Jenny Romaine were later asked to give a talk at CAVS. Traditionally, all visiting artists get a tour of MIT by CAVS staff, however Cracked gave the tour this time. But because the standard tour is relatively dull, we decided to spice it up. Jenny Romaine and two members of Lesser Panda got a fitness tour of campus, starting at CAVS and ending at Lobby 7. We had a personal trainer and six Cracked runners helping them and joining in along the way. The artists got the learn about the real traditions of running on our lunch breaks, running three laps around Killian upon Commencement, the water stations where students are egged on to keep working out, and the sporadic chants of Fitness! of Shoelace Check! All in all we found the tour to be very informative and enjoyable. When we reached the Media Lab, we ran a final lap around the Lifelong Kindergarten Group before collapsing on the ground. So tired we could die, we did die, and with a bit of speedy costume change, woke up as zombies complete with blood stains and bad makeup. We proceeded to walk slowly and eerily back through campus, grabbing at passersby and calling out for braiiinnnnsssss! Photographer Eric Schmiedl caught us as we reached the end of the tour, and we landed the front page of the next issue of the Tech. Photo by Eric Schmiedl The lecture that night was in the form of a performance, in which Cracked members dressed up as different street stereotypes to recreate the street performance scene. At the end of the performance, we were all ready with a room-full of cream pies to throw at each other. The band played as we ran around and slipped on cool whip, pieing each other in the face for the remainder of the show. Photos by CAVS Cracked has begun to host monthly workshops taught by members. We had a writing workshop in which we generated five individual projects involving words and one medium, for example, paper, a computer, a video camera, or each other. Our second workshop was called Quick-and-Dirty Pops, a pop-up book workshop. We plan to continue these in the fall, and are open to suggestions! Also in the fall will be our first exhibition at the Wiesner Student Art Gallery. Keep your eyes peeled for announcements on the show, and until then, have a fabulous summer! E-mail cracked-request [at] mit [dot] edu for more information, or the be added to the list.

Copy Article On Copy Right Law - 1931 Words

Meng Sun Rough Draft Copy Right Law in Fashion In this modern society, laws are everywhere to protect our daily lives. However, leakages still existed between laws, one of the most contradictory law is the copyright law. Especially in fashion industry where trends change comparably fast, designers sometimes could get lack of inspirations and may look at others’ works. Sometimes the boundary between â€Å"inspiration† and â€Å"copy† is really vague. Is there a way to define ownership in fashion industry? This paper discusses why fast fashion brands like ZARA take no responsibility for plagiarism and appropriated trends started by independent designers. Copyright law is designed to protect literary and artistic works was well as innovation such†¦show more content†¦ZARA wins the customers because of its fast prediction on what customers like and quick supplies on fashion pieces according to the needs of customers. During my research in ZARA stores, ZARA comes up with new collection every two weeks and each new collections contains different kinds of styles various from easy street wear to mature workplace looks. Unlike most of the high-ends brands which comes up with a new collection each season and each collection has a harmony flows that connect pieces into one style, ZARA wins most of its customers by its fast speed of collection development and varsity domains of designs. Among all the designs, some look familiar and comparably similar to independent designers’ work. The left picture is from ZARA’s collection in March 2017 and the right one is from Balenciaga’s new collection. The sneakers looks almost the same from outside. Both of the shoes are trainer with white textured sole. It is not hard to find other designs that have a appearance of plagiarism in ZARA’s store. According to the interview with customers who shop at ZARA often, the plagiarism does not affect their preferences to ZARA since they appreciate the fact that they can buy the sa me design in a lower price. Also, in the Balenciaga case, the original sneaker sold out immediately after they came out and many people who can not wait for the pre-order choose to buy theShow MoreRelatedArticle Review : Copy Right Laws1351 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Copy right laws I can say is one of the most important aspects of every conceived idea any one brings up. We can say a copy right is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. (Google, n.d).Theses laws are very important because they helpRead MoreThe Copy-Rights Law : The Laws Of Copy Rights Laws828 Words   |  4 PagesThis particular article deals mainly with the different copy right laws that have been made throughout all these years and what exactly they do. Within the article the reader can expect to find in-depth details on each copy right law, what it does, and how long it is effective for. The author mentions first that around fifteen years ago it was President Bill Clinton that signed a copyright extension law. The article ex plains that when America was first founded that copyright protection was only goodRead MoreInspection Rights Of The Corporation791 Words   |  4 Pages14.01. Inspection Rights. Any member of the corporation may: a. Inspect and copy the records of members names and addresses and voting rights during usual business hours on five (5) days prior written demand on the corporation, stating the purpose for which the inspection rights are requested; and b. Obtain from the Secretary of the corporation, on written demand and on the tender of the Secretary s usual charges for such a list, if any, a list of names and addresses of members who are entitledRead MoreEssay The Copyright Law1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe Copyright Law Copyright is the exclusive right given by law for term of years to author, designer etc., or his assignee to print, publish or sell copies of his original work Copyright is a law that protects published and unpublished work that you can see, hear and touch, from being reproduced without prior consent from the creator of the work. Copyright law and copyright Read MoreThe Taliban has Implemented Censorship in Afghanistan1606 Words   |  7 Pages proved to be no different. Whether it was news, music, or the Internet, the Taliban was and even today is not afraid to dominate. â€Å"The 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan and the Press Law of July 1965 provided for freedom of the press subject to comprehensive articles of proper behavior. According to the Press Law, the press was free (i.e., independent of government ownership) but must protect the interests of the state and constitutional monarchy, Islam, and public order. When the government wasRead MoreA Brief Note On The Law Of Copyright1668 Words   |  7 PagesDiana Rios Professor Proctor Enc 1102 December 15, 2015 Law of Copyright Technology today plays a huge role in all aspects of a modern day by day society. As technology is used in all different fields, it is expected to continue improving over time to make daily tasks an unchallenging experience to perform for the average person. It provides security for creators, writers, artist, etc. from others benefiting from their work therefore providing better confidence in creativity and boosting economicRead MoreQ1.name And Describe The Two Dominant Opposing Approaches1283 Words   |  6 Pageslegal right, to an inventor to perform, print, publish, film, or record artistic, literary, or musical material, and to allow others to do the same. Copyright law was developed to provide the creators and inventors of any works with powerful and effective rights of exclusivity over their creations (Patterson Lindberg, 1991). Over the past, these rights were almost unlimited. People would use existing developments as if they were their own without any regard of the creato r’s exclusive rights. TheRead More Software Piracy And Its Effects Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pages Software Piracy and its Effects Identification and Description of the Issue Copyright law are perhaps those laws which are breached the most by individual on a daily bases. This is because one might not know be informed about these law or because not much is done to enforce these law. Also some countries of the world have no Copyright laws. Software Piracy is a breach of a copyright law as one copies data contained on the medium on to another medium without the consent of the owner of the SoftwareRead MoreIn China, Why Piracy Is Here to stay1500 Words   |  6 PagesLEARNING TASK 1: INDIVIDUAL NEWS ARTICLE ANALYSIS In China, Why Piracy Is Here To Stay Introduction: The focus of this article is to address about the digital piracy problem happening in China. The problem of Piracy exists ever since the birth of copyright law. Never the less most of the countries do have certain amount of digital piracy problem going on. Piracy cannot be easily controlled, hence comes the copyright laws and digital piracy law into action. Summary: China is largest and developedRead MoreHipaa Article Review And Evaluation1331 Words   |  6 Pages HIPAA Article Review and Evaluation Ashlie McWee HCM 515: Health Law and Ethics Colorado State University-Global Campus Dr. Trellany Thomas-Evans February 28, 2016 HIPAA Article Review and Evaluation Healthcare technology has grown and evolved over time. With the conversion to electronic medical records and the creation of social media just to name a few, ensuring patient privacy is of the utmost importance for healthcare facilities in this day and age. In order for an organization

Essay on Philosophy of Education - 1672 Words

Philosophy of Education School. What is school? School is something where kids go five days a week to learn new things each day. School is where they get a good education so when they get out of college they can go get a high paying job and support their family. Having an education is something that will help you when you get in the real world. Education is something that has helped me to pursue my dream, which is to go to college and get a job as a teacher, which was influenced by my father. In my paper I plan to tell you about my views of nature of knowledge, purpose of education, why education is important, what I want to accomplish as a teacher, what one want the students to accomplish, methods, discipline, and curriculum.†¦show more content†¦An example to show you that the (truth) knowledge never changes is while going through school I had a history class each year. I learned most of the same things I learned the year before but I always learned at least on more thing about that topic. That s hows that knowledge is absolute. The purpose of education to me is to teach kids good morals, help them be the best students they can be, and that the students will learn something new that will help them in the world today. The reason I believe this is because when these students get out in the real world there going to be running our country , they need to have good morals and to be properly educated. Education is important to me because, you need to be educated so you can get a high paying job, get around in the world and support you family if you chose to have one. Many people today, especially where Im from. They will either decide they dont want to go to college and stay home and get a job in the coal mines, or get a two year degree, so they dont have to stay in school for to long. I finally believe it is better to get a four-year degree and get paid more money and having an easy job (physically speaking) than somebody who has no education and has to work extremely hard physically and gets poor pay. I think its good that some people does decide to work in the coal mines, because some people are trying to support there families, but there is no job security. If you go toShow MoreRelatedMy Teaching Philosophy Of Education880 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Education Philosophy test that we took in class, my education philosophy matched with social reconstruction. Soci al Reconstructionist believes that systems must keep changing to improve human conditions. Also, emphasizes social questions and to create a better society. Social reconstructionist believe that you have to start over to make things better. While going through the PowerPoint that explained what social reconstitution is, in a deeper way, I came to the conclusion that socialRead MorePhilosophy : Philosophy Of Education1328 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy of Education Jihyae Choe Liberty University TESL 419 â€Æ' Philosophy of Education A good educator decides the direction of teaching based on a resolute educational philosophy. A firm and resolute philosophy does not equate with a fixed perspective, instead it is a strong foundation that can stabilize the life long educational career. In order to establish a firm philosophical basis, passion toward education should accompany proper understanding. Successful educators who establishedRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education828 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Teachers, especially those in the early years of school, have the extraordinary task of instilling a life-long love of learning in their students. We are there to cultivate their young minds in an arena where children feel safe and secure while expanding and exploring their knowledge of the world around them. We are to create responsible, productive and model citizens of the world. We are given an incredible task to carry out! With that in mind, however education needsRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education1866 Words   |  8 PagesPhilosophy of Education An educational philosophy gives teachers and all educators’ ways to use problem solving in schools. For a lot of practitioners, actual teaching has been reduced to action lacking of a rationale or justification. According to Alan Sadovick, the author of our textbook, a philosophy of education is â€Å"firmly rooted in practice, whereas philosophy, as a discipline, stands on its own with no specific end in mind† (Sadovnik, 2013, pg. 179). All teachers and prospective teachers haveRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education1175 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs is called a philosophy of education. â€Å"A philosophy of education represents answers to questions about the purpose of schooling, a teacher s role, and what should be taught and by what methods† (Philosophy of Education). Educational philosophies differ among all individuals in education. With individual educators, some choose a teacher-centered philosophy and others choose a student-centered philosop hy. It appears that both realms of philosophy play an important role in education inside the typicalRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe philosophy of education is not a topic that can be fully taught and understood by reading and studying a textbook, or a few textbooks for that matter. I believe that the philosophy of education is somewhat subjective, rather than objective, and that there exists numerous answers to what is the â€Å"philosophy of education†. I feel that one’s answers can not be expressed with a single word nor a sentence; and that one has to â€Å"experience† rather than just read to find the answer. Yes, a huge part ofRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe philosophy of education seeks to study the process and discipline of education in order to understand how it works, improve its methods and perfect its purposes in today’s society. How this is done is determined by how well the learner internalizes the concepts of the discipline taught by the educator. Educators have a tremendous responsibility not only to prepare students for their lives ahead, but also to contribute to the evolution of knowledge for future generations. Each generation notRead MorePhilosophy Of Education And Education928 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education I believe philosophy of education is defined with learning in many ways. In order to reach a certain level of learning there’s recourse along the way that defines the person and goal. John Dewey said â€Å"educational philosophy centers pragmatism and the method of learning by doing.† Purpose of Schooling A hundred years ago the definition and purpose of schooling changed tremendously. There was a point in time where education was very mediocre and a diploma was not requiredRead MorePhilosophy of Education985 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Special Education Christina L. Richardson Grand Canyon University: SPE-529N November 18, 2012 My Personal Philosophy of Special Education As educators, we need a foundation for why we want to teach, where students with different disabilities fit in that foundation, a rationale for how we teach, and a principle that keeps us striving to be the best educators we can be. The purpose of this essay is to point out what I believe the foundation, student location, rationaleRead MoreMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustained

The Many Faces of American Identity Free Essays

Since the Civil War, America’s identity and the identity of its citizens has gone through multiple transitions, each building upon or rejecting the ideas and principles of those issues which had come before. From the racial segregation and discrimination of African Americans from the time of Reconstruction through the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, the plight of the poor and the politically disenfranchised, the struggle for equal rights for women and homosexuals, and the post-Cold War issues of globalization and economic viability in a changing world, the concept of what it means to be American has adapted to both the successes and failures of each. At the basis of each of these struggles is the idea that at periods throughout American history each of these groups have felt the need to be heard and represented, having been marginalized by social and political injustices and ideologies that at each turn represented a hypocrisy over the basic tenets of freedom and liberty. We will write a custom essay sample on The Many Faces of American Identity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unrepresented and kept outside of the political process and the mainstream social identity, these groups have sought to alternately belong to a concept of the American identity and to redefine it. In examining each of these developments, from Jacob Riis 1890 expose of the New York City slums to the new freedoms and challenges of the post-Cold War America of presidents Clinton and G. W. Bush, I will illustrate how each social and political revelation combine to create an American identity that is uncertain of its future while carrying an awareness of its past. Jacob Riis 1890 book How The Other Half Live gave the average, middle-class American room for pause. In his description of the slums and challenges faced by the economically and socially handicapped masses of New York City, show an underbelly to the American dream. The poverty and inequality that pervade the plight of the tenement dweller, both black and white, is at odds with the ideals of freedom. In particular, Riis makes a case for African-Americans who having recently been emancipated had fled the institutionalized racism of the South to come work and live in New York. However, they have escaped one kind of bondage, clearly and legally defined, to be forced into a socially ambiguous but no less prevalent form of degradation and discrimination. But even as Riis decries the struggle of the newly arrived blacks, who based upon their skin color alone are placed at the bottom of the social ladder, his own views speak of a different kind of discrimination. While at once condemning the landlords who profit by courting black tenants due to the ability to charge more money, Riis explanation of the character of blacks is simplistic and demeaning, likening them more to children than adults equal in every respect to their white counterparts, â€Å"If his emotions are not very deeply rooted, they are at least sincere while they last, and until the tempter gets the upper hand again†(Riis, p. 155). He also expresses a desire to maintain a level of segregation, calling the mixing of races on Thompson Street where the â€Å"this co-mingling of the utterly depraved of both sexes, white and black, on such ground, there can be no greater abomination† (p. 156). Despite the shortcomings of his viewpoint, influenced by the historical relationship of whites and blacks in the U. S. , Riis nevertheless realizes that blacks are being pushed away from the very equality promised to them as citizens, as Americans. Additionally, the poor native New Yorkers and immigrants who people the tenements, share a similar burden. Reduced by economic and social circumstance to merely subsist on the scraps of a society which has turned a blind eye to them, the â€Å"pauper† is in a position devoid of hope, He is as hopeless as his own poverty† (Riis, 1890, p. 246). Immigrants such as the Irish fared no better in Riis opinion, being particular vulnerable to the moral deterioration of slum life being the â€Å"soonest and most thoroughly† (Riis, 1890, p. 249) corrupted. The kind of separation between economic and racial portions of society, as well as the defense of one while the other remains degraded, is a common thread that runs throughout the changes of the last century in America’s identity. The 1896 Supreme Court ruling in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson legalized this type of segregation with the â€Å"separate but equal† predecent, providing a constitutional basis for Jim Crow laws to flourish and plant deeper roots in the American South. Though struck down over a half a century later by the Court’s decision in Brown vs. Board of Education, the realization of equality as American citizens regardless of race, religion, sexuality, gender, or economic status proved to not be so easy. While in 1881 Chester Arthur hoped to assimilate the Native American population into the broader scope of white society through re-education and removal of tribal affiliation and heritage, no such policy was established in regard to African Americans. As with the struggle for women’s and gay rights, the struggle for African American equality culminated within the community itself. The refusal of Southern lawmakers to rise out of the era of racism and embrace a new concept of American, as non-white and white side-by-side, created a necessity to action. As Martin Luther King Jr. ’s 1962 â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail† attempted to explain this need to the black power structure which both supported and chastised him for his actions in Birmingham and across the South, â€Å"â€Å"unfortunate that demonstrations are taking place in Birmingham, but it is even more unfortunate that the city’s white power structure left the Negro community no alternative. † More importantly, King understood the concept of the â€Å"mutuality† of the American community, whether it be black or white, male or female, which was picked up again by the youth culture that grew to embody a sense of change and challenge, as embodied in the Port Huron Statement. King noted in 1962 that, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. † There is truth still in that statement, as well as in the ideals placement within other struggles for equality. It is a concept that not only did the student protesters understood but was an equal basis for Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique and the rise of the feminist movement and later the push for gay rights and better federal programs to combat the AIDS crisis. Like the inequalities of the previous century, the poverty described by Riis and the racism inherent to the continued racial discrimination, the gender and sexuality issue that has come to a head over the past fifty years have effectively acted to undermine the idealized definition of American while also harming the fabric of society. Disenfranchised people are left to stagnate rather than grow and instead of reasoned change it boils over in emotion and uncertainty. The women in Friedan’s Feminine Mystique cannot name the hypocrisy of the country’s national values and the gender roles programmed into their psyche and are bowed under an enemy they cannot see. The hypocrisy of American identity has not evaporated but instead become more difficult to understand and identify; to be American has built upon the ideals established by King and Friedan, whose spirit of questioning and rebellion have become part of what it is to be American even as new and more complex cracks have appeared in the facade of such a delicate but no less no dream of freedom and liberty. Both President Bill Clinton and George W. Bush illustrate this new era of a globalized identity with in their respective inaugurations. Each faced challenges during their presidencies, differing on a wide-array of social and political issues. However, on the cusp of their first term they express the optimism and unfailing double-blindness of a nation which tries to steer its hope to the future while alternately cowering against and celebrating its past. Constantly aware of our differences, America has attempted to celebrate this difference even as we continue to marginalize along the lines of race, religion, politics, social status, and gender. It is a cycle of self-hate and self-love that has become as much a part of the American identity as the mythological concept of the American dream. Bibliography Arthur, C. (1881). Indian Policy Reform. PBS. Retrieved 30 April 2010 from http://www. pbs. org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/seven/indpol. htm. Brown vs. Board. (1954). Find Law. Retrieved 30 April 2010 from http://caselaw. lp. findlaw. com/scripts/getcase. pl? court=USvol=347invol=483. Friedan, B. (1962). Feminine Mystique. H-Net. Retrieved 1 May 2010 from http://www. h-net. org/~hst203/documents/friedan1. html. King, M. L. Jr. (1963). Letter From a Birmingham Jail. The Martin Luther King Jr. Research Education Institute. Retrieved 1 May 2010 from http://mlk-kpp01. stanford. edu/kingweb/popular_requests/frequentdocs/birmingham. pdf. Plessy vs. Ferguson. (1896). Find Law. Retrieved 30 April 2010 from http://caselaw. lp. findlaw. com/scripts/getcase. pl? court=USvol=163invol=537. Riis, J. (1890). How The Other Half Lives. New York: Charles Schribner Sons. Google Books. Retrieved 1 May 2010 from http://books. google. com/books? id=zhcv_oA5dwgCdq=How+the+Other+Half+Livessource=gbs_navlinks_s. How to cite The Many Faces of American Identity, Papers

Wealth Gap free essay sample

Gap There are the rich and poor in every period in human history and everywhere in the world. Has the disparity between the rich and poor existed since ancient time? How does the disparity between the rich and poor come out? Has the disparity between the rich and poor became more narrow or wider? Although some people think that the gap between the rich and poor is more narrow because of the development of human society, the fact is that the disparity between the rich and poor is gaining because of the change of the structure of workforce, Matthew Effect in economy, unscientific social welfare system, unreasonable tax policy and knowledge explosion. Many people think that the rich-poor gap is more narrow today because of the development of human society. In their opinions, human civilization made great processes with the pass of time. People have paid more attention on equality and human rights and have taken measures such as establishing income tax policy and social welfare which are protected by law to create a fair society. We will write a custom essay sample on Wealth Gap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But the fact is not as same as their wishes. As Roger Bootle, a chief economic adviser to professional services firm Deloitte and Touche, says that the gap between the richest and poorest could become worse (Roger Bootle). The first reason for the increasing disparity between the rich and poor is the change of the structure of workforce. As people can see, today is a technological time. The knowledgeable or skilled people can find high paying jobs, on the contrary, the uneducated people have to do simple job and get low pay. In fact, this fact is only an apparent phenomenon caused by the change of the structure of workforce. Today, technology improves the efficiency of production a lot. Many jobs which used to be very simple and need many workers become more complicated and need only a few workers now because the content of technology in the jobs has increased. So these jobs require staffs to have much more knowledge than before so that they can equal to these jobs. The process of simple jobs becoming complicated jobs is called the change of structure of workforce. In other words, the number of complicated jobs has increased and the number of simple jobs has been reduced because of the improvement of technology. In The Reason The Rich-Poor Gap is Widening, Ross Gittins reports a fact that the number of people in professional occupations grew by 27 percent, the number of associate professionals grew by 26 percent and he number of managers grew by 12 percent in Australia (Ross Gittins). The phenomenon that the number of complicated jobs has increased is really existent and it is also happened in other countries too. Because the competition of simple jobs is keen, many uneducated people are unemployed. The uneducated people get a little pay or even no pay and become the poor naturally. Take the case of China, Dexter Roberts points out a fact that the closures of many Chinese manufacturer are mainly hitting lower-value, labor-intensive exporters that pollute heavily and use energy inefficiently(78). It means the number of simple jobs for uneducated people is reduced in China. So many worker in these factories will lose their jobs and it will become more and more difficult for them to find new simple jobs. Many rural migrant workers have lost their jobs and go back to their hometown in China. So the change of structure of workforce result in many uneducated people lose the chance to get pay and widen the rich-poor gap at the same time. The Matthew Effect in economy is increasing the degree of the disparity between the poor and rich while the change of the structure of workforce is increasing the number of the poor. The term Matthew Effect comes from a story of parable. As Marie Rippel says in The Matthew Effect and Teaching Reading, the idea behind the parable become a maxim which is the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. (Marie Rippel). Specifically, Matthew Effect in economy means the rich can get richer because of their fortunes and the poor will be poorer because of their destitution. The Matthew Effect can widen the gap by affecting the next generation. If a child’s parents are poor people, they can not afford a good education, good food or good medical care condition for their child. Their child still can not do complicated jobs and get high pay in the future because the child have no chance to receive a education to grasp necessary knowledge or skills. The possibility of their child falling ill is also much higher than the children in rich family because of the child’s poor growing condition. So the child may not change the situation of the poor family and may be a poor person like his or her parents. The phenomenon keep going, poverty will be passed down from one generation to another generation. So the family will never get out of poverty and only have to be poorer. The Matthew Effect also can widen the gap by disturbing the poor to earn money with their assets. The rich can use their disposable money to do somethings which can bring them more benefits, such as banking, investment. It means the rich can earn more money by managing money. The more assets the rich have, the easier for them to make money. The poor have a little or even no disposable money, the only function of their money is offering the daily cost of their families. So they have no chance to earn money from their asset and it also will be harder for them to earn money. Matthew Effect in economy is consisted of some aspects like these, it really can widden the disparity between the rich and poor. The third reason for the increasing disparity between rich and poor is the unsound social welfare. What is welfare? As Bent Greve point out in What is Welfare, the word welfare comes from wel fare, it is from well in its still familiar sense and fare, primarily understood as a journey or arrival but later also as a supply of food (Williams 1976, 281), and has historically been related to happiness and prosperity, where as its current understanding first emerged in the 20th century(51). Modern social welfare mainly means government redistribute the whole social fortune in order to help the vulnerable groups by establishing revelant law. So the goal of social welfare is obviously to help the vulnerable groups which includes the poor. As the opinion in Goal of Social Welfare, the goal of social welfare is to fulfill the social, health, and recreational requirements of all individuals in a society (Goal). The social welfare can narrow the rich- poor gap by redistributing the social fortune, on the contrary,the unsound social welfare will not work and even widen the rich-poor gap. A character of unsound social welfare is that it can not redistribute social fortune effectively. For example, if the strength of a unsound welfare system is not enough, it will not really redistribute whole social fortune. The poor still can not get enough help from the society. Another character of a unsound social welfare system is that it can not really change the poor’ s situations with the limited money. Some countries are developing countries, the money spend on social welfare is not enough because of these countries’ underdeveloped economies. The benefits the poor get from government through social welfare is so little that it can not really make a difference in their lives and change their bad situation a lot. A reasonable social welfare system should use the rich’ s money to help the poor. It should increase the level of helping the poor so that the benefits can really provide a chance to the poor to let them change their lives. A reasonable social welfare also should help the poor more than just giving the poor a little money. If government can not afford a sound socual welfare, the welfare should spend on some measures that can really change the poor’ s situations such as offering a chance of receiving a good education to children from poor families or providing a chance of receiving a training to the poor so that the poor can get jobs and change them bad situations rather than just giving them a little money as benefits to make them can sustain lives. An effective social welfare can have a positive effect on narrowing the rich-poor gap. The unreasonable tax policy also play a important role in the problem that the rich-poor gap is wider. As social welfare systems, one of the basic functions of tax policy is to redistribute the whole social fortune, it is the source of funds of social welfare. As Janet Novack saya in Tax Shelters 2. 0, bad tax ideas which like viruses tend to mutate and claim new victims (126). A bad tax policy will widen the rich-poor gap rather than just do not work. The income tax is one of the most important tools for governments to narrow the rich-poor gap. But many countries’ tax policies are not perfect, some of them even are very unreasonable. The common characteristic of unreasonable income tax policies is that the tax policy is no use adjusting the balance between the rich and the poor. Some tax policy do not fit the change of the development of society and economy. Some tax policy will not work effectively because they have no basis in fact when government make it. Because of the development of economy, many countries’ bill will become more and more depreciatory. So the starting line of income tax should be raised in time. Only in this way can the income tax really use the rich’ s money to help the poor. As Lindy Paull, a managing partner of Pricewaterhouse Coopers and former chief of staff for Congress’ Joint Committee on Taxation, says in Read My Lips, taxes are going to go up one way or another and the new tax policy will get hit will be higher –income people first (102). So if a income tex policy can not be revised in time, it will become a unreasonable tax policy. Take the case of a Chinese tax policy which is obeied four years ago, the income tax collection starting line is 800 yuan at that time. It means if people’ s wage is higher than 800 yuan, they should pay tax for the extra part of their wages. In New Tax Law Needed to Narrow Income Gap, China Daily point that, the threshold of the old tax has not been raised since the personal income law was adopted in 1980. At that time, a monthly salary of 800 yuan was beyond the imagination of most Chinese people who lived on a monthly income of just tens of yuan (In New Tax). But most Chinese’ salary is higher than 800 yuan some years later. The old tax policy do not change until 2005. It means many people whose wage is not high have paid the income tax for many years and the rich have paid much more little tax than they should pay. The old tax policy is a unreasonable tax policy before 2005. The tax policy which have no basis in fact such as the tax policy with a wrong taxation target also can widen the rich-poor gap by many ways. The result of these wrong tax policies is as same as the tax policies which are out of date. They all fail to take enough money from the rich and still take money away from the poor. These kinds of unreasonable tax policy all can not work and help the rich-poor gap become wider and wider in some way. The most essential and important reason for the increasing gap between rich and poor is knowledge explosion. Human knowledge become more and more with the development of huiman civilization. As a Daniel says in Knowledge Increased, according to research studies, the summation of human knowledge is now doubling every eight years now. 80 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are still alive today. They add 2000 pages to mans scientific knowledge every minute and the scientific material they produce every 24 hours would take one person 5 years to read. There are almost half-million new books being published every year (Daniel). The fact that the amazing increase of knowledge is called explosion of knowledge. The new knowledge change people’s lives enormously and become more and more important to production. Knowledge can impove the efficiency of production so that the factories in every kinds of industries all can produce more value in a short time than before. Many work which is used to be done by worker can be done by machines. Controlling these machines only need a few workers who possesses knowledge and skill. The important change in factories causes the change of the structure of workforce and a fact that many uneducated people can not get jobs. The knowledgeable or skilled people can produce more value in a short time, so they get high pay. The uneducated people or the people do not have enough knowledge to produce much more little value or even have no chance to produce value, so they get low pay or even no pay. So the knowledge explosion make a important difference between people, it make the rich-poor gap wider. All in all, the Matthew Effect in economy, unscientific social welfare system, unreasonable tax policy, the change of the structure of workforce and the explosion of knowledge all make contributions to the fact that the rich-poor gap is much wider today. It is very harmful to the stability and development of human society. As the founders of America writes in The Declaration of Independence, â€Å"we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † But the larger rich-poor gap has kept people from pursuiting happy lives fairly. So we should pay enough attention on the social phenomenon and try our best to take measures to reduce the disparity between rich and poor so that we can live in a peaceful, fair and compatible world.